How to use swimming pool disinfectant
Selection of disinfectants for swimming pool water
The selection of disinfectant should meet the following requirements: it has the function of continuous sterilization of Bai; (1) it does not cause water and environmental pollution and does not change the water quality of the pool; (2) it has no irritation or little irritation to human body; and (3) it has little corrosion to building structure, equipment and pipeline.
Common disinfection methods for swimming pools
1、 Pure chemical disinfection
The method of adding chemical disinfectants is usually chlorine disinfectant. The commonly used chlorine disinfectants are: (1) liquid chlorine (2) calcium hypochlorite (bleaching powder) (3) sodium hypochlorite (high-efficiency bleaching powder and bleaching water) (4) sodium dichloroisocyanurate (sodium hypochlorite) (5) trichloroisocyanuric acid (strong chlorin) (6) BROMOCHLOROHYDANTOIN (bromide tablets) (7) chlorine dioxide
(1) Liquid chlorine
Advantages: it contains 100% available chlorine, strong bactericidal power, strong ability of continuous sterilization and ability of algae deodorization and deodorization. It is widely used in Waterworks because of its wide application, mature technology and low investment and operation cost.
Deficiency: the general dose is ineffective to virus, pathogen, etc., cannot oxidize common insecticide and other complex compounds, is greatly affected by pH and reacts with some organic compounds to form an unpleasant odor of chlorine. Liquid chlorine, as a disinfectant, causes obvious secondary pollution to human body and environment. Chlorine disinfectant itself and by-products are harmful to human health. It is dangerous to use, so special safety equipment is needed. Special safety measures should be taken during the storage and transportation of liquid chlorine. When added to the swimming pool, its acidity is particularly strong. A large amount of alkali is needed to adjust the pH value, so liquid chlorine is rarely used in swimming pools.
(2) Bleaching powder
Advantages: the most widely used, its main component is calcium hypochlorite [Ca (OCL) 2], containing 25% - 30% effective chlorine. Calcium hypochlorite is a commonly used disinfectant for swimming pools. Hypochlorite can penetrate into cells, oxidize the sulfur hydrogen gene of cell enzymes and destroy cell metabolism. It can be used in water with different water quality conditions and has good bactericidal effect. In acidic environment, its germicidal power is strong and rapid, and high concentration can kill spores.
Deficiency: it is unstable in nature and can be decomposed by light, heat, moisture and CO2, so it should be kept in a dark and dry place for no more than 1 year. Because of its corrosion and bleaching effect, it is not suitable for metal instruments and non-ferrous textiles. If it is stored for too long, it should be prepared according to the actual effective chlorine content. Moreover, the bleaching powder has residue after reaction, which blocks the pipeline and affects the water quality, so it is gradually eliminated.
(3) Sodium hypochlorite
[NaOCl] also known as high efficiency bleach. The pure product is white powder, usually gray green crystal, unstable in air. Sodium hypochlorite has chlorine smell and can be miscible with water. The solution is alkaline. The pH value of emulsion stock solution is as high as 12. With the increase of dilution degree of aqueous solution, the pH value can be reduced to 7 ~ 9. It is unstable, and it will decompose rapidly when heated. It can bleach and corrode articles.
Advantages: the effective chlorine content is generally 10% - 12%, which is less dangerous than liquid chlorine and has good disinfection effect.
Deficiency: the chlorine content of bleached water is extremely unstable, and its available chlorine will gradually decrease with the influence of environment, temperature, humidity, light and storage time. Due to its rapid decay, it can not be stored for a long time on site, and it is corrosive, so it is difficult to store and operate. There are high requirements for the equipment, and the daily maintenance of the equipment is also very difficult. Sodium hypochlorite will greatly increase the pH value of the pool water, which requires a lot of acid regulation.
(4) Sodium dichloroisocyanurate
Advantages: sodium dichloroisocyanurate, also known as YOULUJING, has the molecular formula of (c3c12n3o3) Na, referred to as SDIC. It is a widely used organic chlorine disinfectant, containing 60% - 64.5% effective chlorine. It has the advantages of high efficiency, broad spectrum, stability, high solubility and low toxicity. The water solution can be used for spraying, soaking and wiping. It can also be used for directly disinfecting pollutants and treating feces and other excrement. The usage is the same as bleaching powder. It can also be mixed with 92 coagulant (hydroxy aluminum chloride as the basis, adding iron powder, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) in a ratio of 1:4 to "clean when meeting water", which can be used for disinfection of drinking water. And can be prepared with sodium nitrate into a variety of disinfection detergent, such as dijingmei, YOULUJING, etc. It can quickly kill virus, bacteria and their buds, and can effectively prevent hepatitis and other infectious diseases.
It is sensitive to eyes and skin, and has peculiar smell. It can be used as impact treatment agent. It also contains stabilizer cyanuric acid, which is stable under ultraviolet light. It is suitable for outdoor swimming pool, but it will lead to over stability when used in indoor swimming pool.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid trichloroisocyanuric acid, commonly known as strong chlorin, molecular formula c3n3o3cl3, referred to as TCCA, is a chlorinated derivative of isocyanuric acid. Its effective chlorine content is as high as 90%, mainly granular and flake, with strong bactericidal ability.
Advantages: trichloroisocyanuric acid is a kind of high-efficiency, low toxicity, broad-spectrum and fast disinfectant promoted internationally, which can effectively and rapidly kill all kinds of bacteria, fungi, spores, molds and solitary cholera bacteria. It has special effect on killing hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus, and has good disinfection effect on sex virus and HIV.
Disadvantages: its dissolution is slow, and it may not keep up with the consumption rate of residual chlorine when the pool load is high, resulting in the reduction of disinfection capacity. Its pH is low, and a lot of alkali adjustment is needed. Trichloroisocyanuric acid contains stabilizer cyanuric acid, which is stable under ultraviolet light. It is suitable for outdoor swimming pool, but it will lead to over stability in indoor swimming pool. At the same time, the use of trichloroisocyanuric acid will inevitably produce harmful chlorination by-products, which is also the common disadvantage of chlorine based chemicals.
Advantages of BROMOCHLOROHYDANTOIN: BROMOCHLOROHYDANTOIN is commonly known as bromine tablet (BCDMH for short), and its molecular formula is c5h6brcln2o2. Its active ingredients contain chlorine and bromine, which are usually crystalline powder and white tablets. Bromine preparation is more stable than chlorine preparation, and its odor is milder, and it is less sensitive to the change of pH than chlorine. Disadvantages: the price of bromine tablets is high, and the sterilization speed is slow because it is slightly soluble in water. Bromine preparation is corrosive in high dose and has strong irritation to human skin, eyes and cells. Under the condition of swimming pool, bromate will be produced, which is a kind of known
2. Ultraviolet disinfection ultraviolet radiation is a kind of low-energy electromagnetic radiation, its energy is only 5ev, penetration is very poor. The ultraviolet radiation energy is low enough to cause the ionization of the atom, only produces the excitation effect, so that the electron is in the high energy state without separation. Through the ultraviolet radiation of water, it can penetrate into the body of microorganism, and act on nucleic acid and protoplasm protease, which will cause the death of microorganism. Generally 253.7nm is used as the representative of ultraviolet wavelength for sterilization. Because the ultraviolet lamp is convenient to use and has certain bactericidal effect, it is widely used in health and epidemic prevention, medical treatment and industrial disinfection.
Advantages: the advantages of ultraviolet disinfection are short contact time, high sterilization efficiency, no change of physical and chemical properties of water, and no odor and other harmful by-products such as halogenated methane.
Deficiency: the turbidity of raw water before disinfection is required to be high, and a certain water flow thickness must be ensured. When the water depth is large, the sterilization effect will drop sharply, and there is no continuous bactericidal effect in the water after disinfection. The ultraviolet disinfection also needs to use its specific device. The water treatment capacity of each lamp tube is limited, and it needs to be cleaned and replaced regularly. The cost is also relatively expensive, and there is light revival phenomenon, which affects the disinfection effect.
3. Ozone disinfection method ozone is a kind of unstable Lavender gas under normal temperature and pressure. It has the ability to kill all kinds of viruses and bacteria. It has excellent effect on degradation of various organic poisons, color, smell, taste and water quality improvement. Its mechanism is to destroy the dehydrogenase of bacteria, interfere with its respiratory function, oxidize various enzymes and proteins, and destroy cell membrane structure to achieve disinfection effect.
Advantages: strong oxidation capacity, it can remove or reduce the odor, odor, color and metal ions in water, and also can help coagulation to reduce turbidity. The sterilization effect is remarkable, the effect is rapid, the disinfection effect is little affected by the water quality, broad-spectrum and high-efficiency, and the side effects are small. (1) Ozone can quickly kill bacteria, spores and viruses in water, and it can kill bacteria, spores and viruses in water rapidly with low concentration; (2) ozone has strong adaptability, and has little effect on its disinfection performance in the range of pH 5.6-9.8 and water temperature of 0-37 ℃; (3) it does not produce persistent residues in water; (4) It can destroy the organic matter in water, improve the physical properties and organ sense of water, decolorize and deodorize the water, and make the water blue without changing its natural properties.
Disadvantages: (1) the ozone treatment effect on algae and Nematoda is poor. After ozone treatment in the influent polluted by organic matters, the large organic molecules will break up into nutrient sources for microbial metabolism. After treatment, the AOC (bioabsorbable organic carbon) in the water will increase by 2-6 times, and the oxygen content in the water will increase, which is conducive to the reproduction of autotrophic microorganisms, and then the water quality will deteriorate to green. (2) If there is no lasting effect, it is necessary to add medicament. Because the solubility of ozone in water is low, half-life is very short, only 20 minutes, so in daily application, in order to ensure continuous bactericidal effect, it is often necessary to add chlorine chemicals. (3) The equipment cost of ozone disinfection method is high and the power consumption is large. The use of ozone machine often needs to be equipped with oxygen generator, dryer, tail gas processor, etc. These are the main reasons that limit the widespread use of ozone disinfection. (4) Ozone is toxic. As a strong oxidant, it is a good disinfectant. Precisely because of this characteristic, ozone can react with almost any biological tissue, so we must pay attention to the amount of ozone generator when using it. However, the current technology is difficult to monitor ozone. When the ozone exceeds the standard, it will react with the cells, fluids and tissues in the respiratory tract quickly, resulting in lung function weakening and tissue damage. Long term exposure to ozone can cause neurotoxicity, dizziness and headache, memory decline, oxidation of vitamin E in human skin, resulting in skin wrinkles and black spots.
4. The application of copper silver metal ion disinfection method in swimming pool field has been quite mature in Europe, America and Japan, and is the leader of the new generation of swimming pool treatment technology. Since the metal ion treatment method uses pure physical disinfection method, it does not produce any harmful by-products after treatment, and the water quality meets the European Union standard. Because the whole process does not produce waste gas and waste, it has been recognized and recommended by the European environmental protection agency. At present, it has been widely used in international space station, Olympic swimming pool, luxury villa private swimming pool and so on. Action mechanism: ① according to research, bacteria or micro organic matter in water are generally negative, while silver and copper ions excited by Ankang system are positively charged. Therefore, copper and silver ions in water can cause flocculation process with bacteria, viruses or micro organisms, and the flocs can be cleared out of the pool through filtration system. ② Silver ion reduction potential is very high, is the strongest metal ion in nature, as long as there are two milligrams of silver ion per liter of water, it can kill most of the bacteria in water. When the bacteria are killed by Ag, Ag is free from the dead cells of bacteria, and then contacts with other colonies, and the process is repeated. This is also the reason for the persistence of silver sterilization. ③ Copper ion has a strong inhibition and killing effect on bacteria, especially autotrophic bacteria. It can kill Escherichia coli, dysentery and other bacteria in water, especially to prevent green algae pollution and tinea pedis infection through the floor. At present, all kinds of bactericidal and algal removing agents commonly used contain copper, which is the principle that copper ions can kill bacteria and algae.
Advantages: 1) wide range of pH and temperature, wide range of applicable water quality, low operation cost; 2) tasteless, non-toxic, excessive dosing will not cause harm (it is an essential trace element for human body, excessive absorption will automatically discharge the body). It will not irritate the eyes and skin, and the water is clear without peculiar smell. (3) it can inhibit the growth of some algae and fungi for a long time without the addition of copper sulfate. (4) it does not affect the pH value of water quality and does not need to add acid-base neutralizing agent. Because there is no chemical agent added in the whole reaction process, it will not generate harmful by-products and cause secondary pollution. (5) most autotrophic bacteria can be killed at a very low concentration when the contact is sufficient, which has a very long-lasting bactericidal ability and is not affected by light and organic matter concentration; (6) bacteria, turbidity, organic chroma and other colloidal suspended substances in water will be adsorbed by copper and silver ions, which has the function of sterilization and turbidity removal.
Disadvantages: (1) due to the high cost of the complete set of copper and silver ion disinfection equipment, it is only widely used in international space station, domestic and foreign Olympic venues, luxury villas, private swimming pools, leisure clubs and hotels.
When using the disinfectant to disinfect the swimming pool, it is better to put it into two times, one after the end of each day, and the other 1-2 hours before opening. This kind of swimming pool disinfectant with trichloroisocyanuric acid as the main component belongs to chlorine containing disinfectant and has volatility. The rate of volatilization is directly related to sunshine and temperature. In summer, the sun is violent and the weather is hot. Disinfectants are easy to volatilize. If disinfectant is added at the end of each day, the disinfectant can maintain a longer efficacy due to the relatively low temperature and no sunshine at night, which can more thoroughly and effectively disinfect the water body of the swimming pool. On the next day, according to the opening time of each swimming pool, residual chlorine can be detected 1-2 hours before opening. If the residual chlorine is low, it can be supplemented appropriately Add disinfectant to make the residual chlorine meet the hygienic requirements. If the disinfectant is added too early, it will evaporate quickly, and the residual chlorine will not reach the standard by the opening time. Trichloroisocyanuric acid and a series of disinfectants with trichloroisocyanuric acid as raw material, white powder, particle, flake, block, cake, ball, liquid packaging and other specifications are currently the best use, the widest range of application, the largest processing and export volume, the most ideal disinfectant at home and abroad Trichloroisocyanuric acid has been widely used in industrial circulating water treatment, drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment, swimming pool treatment, industrial bleaching, public places, hospitals, families, seeds, breeding disinfection and sterilization, wool shrink prevention and so on It can kill all kinds of fungi, bacteria, viruses and spores. Solid preparation is convenient and safe for storage, transportation and use; besides liquid chlorine, chlorine containing disinfectant with the highest chlorine content has high cost performance ratio; at present, the most widely used disinfectant for swimming pool water treatment and disinfection in the world; two tablet formulations of slow-release and instant dissolution are suitable for different types of dosing equipment and uses; chlorine containing stabilizer formula can effectively inhibit the consumption and loss of chlorine by ultraviolet rays, and maintain the water quality of the pool Slow release chlorine content type: 20 ~ 200g / tablet, chlorine content 85 ~ 90%; one time injection can maintain the efficacy of 5 ~ 7 days; the dosage is uniform and continuous, effectively preventing the fluctuation of chlorine content in the pool water; it is used in solid chlorine tablet dosing device, chlorine tablet floating cup, pool skimmer, integrated filtering equipment and other systems We provide other chemicals for water quality maintenance of swimming pool, specializing in solving the water quality problems of swimming pool, massage pool, spa and hot spring: 1. First aid treatment for turning the pool water green; 2. Treatment for exceeding the standard of urea; 3. Eliminating the odor of chlorine in the swimming pool environment; 4. Killing green algae and water insects; 5. Improving the color and turbidity of water quality; 6. Solving the metal separation of groundwater
